H.R. 18In committeeCrime & justice
Private gun transfers would require background checks
Data as of July 11, 2026
HR 18 would require a background check for all private firearm transfers, with exceptions for close family, emergencies, and inheritance.45-second read · 4 questions answered below
Decoded
What does this do?
This bill would extend the federal background check requirement to private firearm sales and transfers, not just sales through licensed dealers. Anyone transferring a gun privately would need to go through a licensed dealer, importer, or manufacturer to complete the check first. Exceptions include gifts or loans between close family members, emergencies involving imminent harm, supervised use at ranges or while hunting, and inherited firearms.
Who does it affect?
This affects any private citizen who wants to sell, give, or lend a firearm to another private citizen outside the listed exceptions. Licensed gun dealers, importers, and manufacturers would be the ones running the checks for these private transfers.
Why does it matter?
Currently, private sales and transfers between individuals do not require a background check the way dealer sales do. This bill would close that gap, meaning more transfers would go through the federal check process before a gun changes hands.
Where does it stand?
- Introduced
- House committee — You are here
- House vote
- Senate
- President's desk
Right now: a House committee is reviewing it. If the Senate changes it, it goes back to the House before reaching the President.
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Official title
Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2025
- Introduced:
- June 10, 2025
- Latest action:
- June 10, 2025
Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
Read the official bill on Congress.govMake the call
Three steps: where you stand, your script, the call.