Rail safety bill sets speed limits and crew rules for hazmat trains

What does this do?

HR 7748, the Railway Safety Act of 2026, sets new speed limits for trains carrying hazardous materials, requires stronger tank cars by end of 2027, and mandates real-time sharing of hazmat data with emergency responders. Most freight trains run by the largest railroads must carry at least two crew members, and inspection frequency must increase without pressuring workers to rush. Railroads must also install more trackside equipment to detect wheel and mechanical problems before accidents occur.

Who does it affect?

Railroad companies, their workers, and communities near hazmat rail routes are most directly affected. Local emergency responders, federal agencies including the Federal Railroad Administration, and everyday Americans living near freight rail lines are also affected.

Why does it matter?

Raising fines to as much as five million dollars for violations causing death or serious injury could change how railroads weigh compliance costs against operational pressures. Communities near hazmat routes would face altered emergency response logistics as railroads are required to produce detailed emergency response plans and share real-time cargo data.

What does it cost, and who pays?

• Fines up to $5M for deadly violations
• Applies to railroad companies
• Triggered by death or serious injury