Bill would let State Department negotiate energy and minerals pacts abroad

What does this do?

The bill would let the Secretary of State create multi-year "Energy Security Pacts" with other countries to secure access to energy and critical minerals like lithium and cobalt. It establishes an Office of Energy Security Pacts and an interagency council to negotiate deals, fund projects, and monitor results. Pacts can last up to 10 years, and the authority to create new ones expires 15 years after enactment.

Who does it affect?

This affects the State Department, agencies like Energy, Treasury, Defense, and Commerce, plus the Export-Import Bank and Development Finance Corporation. It also affects foreign "partner countries" and, indirectly, U.S. energy and mining companies, taxpayers, and consumers of electronics and clean energy products.

Why does it matter?

The pacts aim to reduce U.S. dependence on countries like China for critical minerals and support American businesses, but funding decisions and eligibility rules could shape which countries and industries benefit. Congress must be notified before pacts are signed or expanded, and GAO must review the program annually.

What does it cost, and who pays?

• Funds transferable between federal accounts
• No military assistance allowed
• Barred if it harms US jobs or safety