H.R. 5743In committeeGovernment & democracy
Bill would redo 2020 census to count only U.S. citizens
Data as of July 11, 2026
States would lose federal grant money if they don't switch entirely to citizens-only census counts.45-second read · 5 questions answered below
Decoded
What does this do?
The bill requires the Census Bureau to redo 2020 census population counts excluding non-citizens, and gives each state this revised number within 60 days of enactment. States would then have to use these citizens-only numbers for all purposes that previously relied on regular census data, including redistricting and House seat allocation.
Who does it affect?
All 50 states are affected, with states that have large non-citizen populations likely seeing bigger changes. State and local governments, federal grant recipients, and residents of areas with significant non-citizen populations would feel the impact.
Why does it matter?
Switching to citizens-only counts could shift congressional representation and federal funding allocations across states, since these counts are used for redistricting, House seat apportionment, and distributing money for programs like schools, roads, and healthcare.
What does it cost, and who pays?
- States must fully adopt new counts
- deadline is 60 days after receipt
- non-compliance blocks federal grants
Where does it stand?
- Introduced
- House committee — You are here
- House vote
- Senate
- President's desk
Right now: a House committee is reviewing it. If the Senate changes it, it goes back to the House before reaching the President.
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Official title
One Citizen, One Seat Act
- Introduced:
- October 10, 2025
- Latest action:
- October 10, 2025
Referred to the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform.
Read the official bill on Congress.govMake the call
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