H.R. 151Heading to a voteGovernment & democracy
Bill would count only citizens for dividing up House seats
Data as of July 23, 2026
The Equal Representation Act would base congressional seats only on citizen population starting with the 2030 census.AI-decoded40-second read · 4 questions answered below
Decoded
AI-decodedWhat does this do?
This bill would add a citizenship question to the 2030 census and future censuses, requiring people to identify as citizens, nationals, legal immigrants, or immigrants without legal status. The Census Bureau would release state-by-state breakdowns within 120 days. It would also change congressional apportionment so only citizens count toward each state's number of House seats and electoral votes, starting in 2030.
Who does it affect?
States with large non-citizen populations, such as California, Texas, New York, and Florida, could lose House seats and electoral votes; other states could gain relative influence.
Why does it matter?
Excluding non-citizens from apportionment counts would shift political representation and Electoral College weight among states. The bill also states that if courts strike down any part of it, the rest would remain in effect.
Where does it stand?
- Introduced
- House committee
- House vote — You are here
- Senate
- President's desk
Right now: it's headed for a House floor vote. If the Senate changes it, it goes back to the House before reaching the President.
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Official title
Equal Representation Act of 2025
- Introduced:
- January 3, 2025
- Latest action:
- April 21, 2026
Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 536.
Read the official bill on Congress.gov